Mental Illness And Substance Abuse Problems - 1563 Words

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate methods for decrease recidivism among formerly jailed population who have mental illness or substance abuse problems. The first section of this literature review explores programs on help people with mental illness or substance abuse, the second section discusses finding health care for them and lastly, the third section reviews effective discharge planning. Effective Treatment Modalities: Programs Most of the research supports the use of programs to reduce recidivism among formerly incarcerated population with substance abuse and mental issues. This study examined how the characteristics of people with mental illness who are participants in post-booking jail diversion programs affect recidivism and time spent incarcerated (Case, Dupuis Morris, 2009). The study employed data from a multi-site, federally funded jail diversion initiative. A pre–post comparison design was used to compare experiences of arrest and days spent in jail of diverted individuals for the twelve months following enrollment with the twelve months before enrollment (Case, Dupuis Morris, 2009). Also compared were differences in twelve-month public safety outcomes. Data were collected between February 2003 and August 2007 (Case, Dupuis Morris, 2009). The results suggest that people with mental illness who are diverted from jail to community-based services had fewer arrests and jail days (Case, Dupuis Mo rris, 2009). Nearly half of the sample wereShow MoreRelatedMental Illness And Substance Abuse Problem Essay1937 Words   |  8 PagesLiving with in poverty with a mental illness and a substance abuse problem is not an easy job. The struggles of life as well as a traumatic event can cause a person brain to malfunction. There is approximately 27 % of the United States population that fits the criteria for a mental illness. Mental illness, substance abuse, and poverty go hand and hand. However, health care providers call mental illness and substance use a dual diagnosis or a co-occurring disorder when combined. Dual diagnosis isRead MoreMental Health And Substance Abuse805 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnosis In mental health and substance abuse, we must understand which problem is first. When working with individuals who are experiencing substance abuse problems to counteract the effects of a mental illness will attempt to treat themselves, instead of seeking out proper medical care. Dual diagnosis is a term used to define the client who experiences a mental illness and a substance abuse problem at the same time (NAMI, 2015). Since dual diagnosis covers broad categories the illness may range fromRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreEssay Drug Abuse and Mental Health 1194 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuseRead MoreMental Illness Of The Mentally Ill On Deinstitutionalization1514 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness in America has become an increasingly popular topic of discussion. Rather than being placed in hospitals for treatment, mentally ill individuals are being placed into correctional facilities for their actions. Persons with serious mental illness (SMI) such as bi-polar disorder, severe depression, schizophrenia and etc. have trouble within society. Many lack income and stable living arrangements to be able to succeed in the community. Side effects of their illness can enable them toRead MoreThe Social Issue Of Mental Health1167 Words   |  5 PagesTo discuss the social issue of mental health is to take into account a wide range of related issues and concerns, because describing the problem brings other subjects up that should also be presented. Starting with mental illness, it is defined as a wide range of mental health conditions or disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Serious mental illnesses include major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stressRead MoreRelationship Between Mental Health And Addiction1470 Words   |  6 PagesIf you or someone you love is seeking treatment for a substance abuse related disorder in addition to a psychiatric disorder, you will come across two terms in your research: co-occurring disorders and dual diagnosis. Right off you may be more concerned about simply getting help for your addiction. Maybe it has caused you to lose your job and your family is in tatters. It s important to note that when substance abuse and mental illness co-occur specialized treatment is needed. First, however, youRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 Pageswe must understand their mental health and behavioral needs. The information they all share i n common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordable housing. The homeless population shares different struggles when dealing with homelessness and mental illnesses because there areRead MoreMental Health and the Homeless Community Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of mental illness as â€Å"health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning† (2011). Our community is exposed to a large number of individuals with mental illness. Among those individuals are the widespread homeless populations. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development reported â€Å"twenty-five percent of the sheltered homeless report a sev ere mental illness (as citedRead MoreThe Effects Of Homeless Conditions, Drug Abuse, And Mental Illness1464 Words   |  6 Pages A study of the Impact a Correlation of Homeless conditions, Drug Abuse, and Mental illness has on the Health and Wellbeing of Individuals Robin Mullineaux Salt Lake Community College Abstract This paper utilizes five peer reviewed articles for the purpose of identifying the interconnections between psychiatric conditions, self-medication and Homelessness. Depending on the severity of the psychiatric disorder, circumstances can lead to a homeless situation or nomadic lifestyle. It

Nelson Mandela was the Man Who Changed South Africa Essay

How could a man become president of such a strong country after being imprisoned for nearly three decades and being a minority race? His name was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. He is a true inspiration to those who hear his story. Starting out as nothing more than a black man and ending as a person whose name is heard and recognized all over the world is something that just briefly explains Nelson Mandela’s life. As a true anti-apartheid Nelson Mandela did wonders for equality with much power even when imprisoned for nearly three decades. Nelson Mandela was a man admired by the world for his perseverance in his devotion to equality and becoming president after being incarcerated for 27 years meanwhile maintaining respect from the whole world.†¦show more content†¦Sadly, this act of civil disobedience landed him in prison. Their hideaway was discovered in the early 60’s and inside the secret hideout implicating documents and equipment designed originally for bomb ma king was discovered. This led to a long trial for which Nelson Mandela told the court that his beliefs on equality and a free society â€Å"is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs to be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die† (Smolowe 26). He was sentenced to 5 years in prison. (Perry 26) Many can assume the feelings of anger and disappointment most of South Africa faced when news of Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment was leaked to the country. Mandela, only 45 years old at the time, was shipped to an island very similar to Alcatraz in California. It was called Robben Island. He was prisoner 466/64 and endured a cell that was only 8x7 feet in size. Here in this prison the improper treatment of different colored men was the worst Nelson Mandela had seen. He said â€Å"You have no idea, of the cruelty of man against man until you have been in a South African prison with black prisoners and white wardens† (Smolowe 26). Even with the roa dblock of being in prison, the tenacious man still continued to protest from prison leading him to eternal time in prison for bidding to overthrow the government.Show MoreRelatedNelson Mandela Paper1054 Words   |  5 Pages5/17/13 South Africa’s Hero When most people think of a prominent figure in South Africa one name always comes to mind; Nelson Mandela. Imagine a time in South Africa when, similar to old America, whites held most of the power. Due to the previous conflicts of the European countries in South Africa, there were many Europeans who heavily discriminated against the original African people. This is exactly the type of place Mandela was born into. Born in 1918, his family was part of a common South AfricanRead MoreThe Legacy of Nelson Mandela1215 Words   |  5 Pagessystem of apartheid (â€Å"In Nelson Mandela’s own words†). Nelson Mandela was a moral compass symbolizing the struggle against racial oppression. Nelson Mandela emerged from prison after twenty-seven years to lead his country to justice. For twenty-seven years he sat in a cell because he believed in a country without apartheid, a country with freedom and human rights. He fought for a country where all people were equal, treated with res pect and given equal opportunity. Nelson Mandela looms large in the actionsRead MoreNelson Mandela: The Living Legend1089 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Speech 101 5 November 2013 Informative Speech: Nelson Mandela: The Living Legend Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Nelson Mandela and his achievement and positive impact on Africa and the world. Central Idea: Nelson Mandela’s struggle and achievement in South Africa and around the world. Introduction: Attention Getter: Take a moment and think this situation. You are young and ambitious. Your dream is to free your people and your country. You decided to protest anyway againstRead MoreNelson Mandela and Leadership Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela was the man who abolished Apartheid, freeing South Africa from the binds of racial segregation forever. However, it was not an easy road and Mandela needed patience, strength of character, focus, passion, understanding, perseverance, and most importantly, forgiveness, to achieve this. For more than forty years, black South Africans were subject to the harsh racial segregation of the Apartheid system; despite making up over 70% of South Africa’s population, they had little to no rightsRead MoreNelson Mandela and Apartheid Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagescolored people, for South Africans has always been a big issue. The man who stopped difficult ways of life for people and communities in South Africa was al so their president, Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela was a man who put his life on the line to bring people together. He was involved with organizations that would eventually help to end apartheid throughout his life and lead countless amounts of peaceful acts that put an end to this divide. Mandela was even arrested for what he was trying to accomplishRead MoreThe Bravery of Nelson Mandela1431 Words   |  6 Pagesalignment to be brave, a person should have courageous, persistent, and honest Nelson Mandela, the previous leader of South Africa, did not choose to take an easy walk to flexibility. Mandela is highly regarded all through the phrase for his integrity, courage, and dignity to be able to help his people in South Africa. Nelson Mandela is well renowned in his homeland as a champion for his bravery to stand for what he believed was right, and endured years in jail to help his homeland in the direction ofRead MoreA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler Essay1 160 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler and Nelson Mandela are vastly different men, however in many ways through out their lives they both held a huge influence over their countrymen, the politics of their country and inevitably they both shaped the course of history for better or worse. Their fight, was not won without a struggle, but was helped by their masterful oratorical skills and the willingness of their followers to do anything forRead MoreA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler1502 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler and Nelson Mandela are vastly different men, however in many ways through out their lives they both held a huge influence over their countrymen, the politics of their country and inevitably they both shaped the course of history for better or worse. Their fight, was not won without a struggle, but was helped by their masterful oratorical skills and the willingness of their followers to do anything for the cause. Following the First World War Germanys economy began to fail, the GermanRead MoreThe Rise Of Nelson Mandela1158 Words   |  5 PagesTyrise Elam HIS102 Research Paper May 20, 2015 The Rise of Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest honorable and governmental leaders. Mandela, was a universal idol, whose enduring devotion was to fight against racial oppression in South Africa. Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, then he became the presidency of his country in 1994. Up until his prison release in 1990 Nelson Mandela has been at the center of the most captivating and inspirational governmental concerns in theRead MorePeople Who Changed THE World1142 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ People Who Changed the World Darlene Roberts Western Governors University People Who Changed the World Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest social and political peacemakers that ever lived. His accomplishments were world changing. Mandela was not always able to pursue his democratic dreams nonviolently but that was his desire. Unfortunately, the South African Government felt it necessary to punish nonviolent protestors to discourage their cause (Book, 2009). As a leader in the

Dance Paper free essay sample

Dance Paper ARTS/100 February 28, 2011 Dance Paper Dance is used as a form of expressing how you feel through the movement of your body through music. Through the different styles of dancing, it can be slow paced, fast paced, mellow, seductive, fun and enjoyable at the same time. The different styles discussed in this paper will show that jazz, ballet, folk, ritual and modern dance are different but similar. Whatever style of dance you choose they all have repetition, form and rhythm and something about the dance that makes people enjoy it and move to it.Jazz The Charleston is a form of Jazz dance originally performed by Blacks on a small island near Charleston, South Carolina, around 1903. The dance became popular with the rest of society in the 1920s (Charleston Dance, 2011). Dancing the Charleston became a reflection of the times described as rebellious and daring. While dancing the Charleston the body remained relaxed and casual. We will write a custom essay sample on Dance Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Performers used a series of kicks with their heels pointing outward. By bending the knees and straightening the knees dancers move the body up and down at a fairly fast rate. Always performed to Jazz music, the Charleston was a sign of the times. Boogie Woogie is another form of Jazz dance popular during the 1940s and 1950s (Bedinghaus, 2010). The dance uses variations of a six count dance pattern that repeats throughout the dance. Dancers add their own variation of the steps through lifts and swinging the body upward with legs extended outward. Variations in footwork are always based on the six count basic pattern. A dancer’s upper body remains on center and the lower body performs the steps. Like the Charleston, Boogie Woogie was a sign of the times. BalletSleeping Beauty is a ballet performed around the world and uses costume and scenery to aid in telling the story. A duet performs s portion of the ballet and other members of the company stand or sit in the background in appropriate costumes. The performance is a series of set ballet dance steps and patterns. A female dancer performs parts of the ballet on point causing her body to remain rigid but yet fluid in appearance. The ballet uses the body to form vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines to generate movement. The male dancer is mostly in a supporting role of the female dancer.Movement is slow, deliberate, and precise. A duet and the chorus perform Snow Flakes in the Nutcracker Ballet. Like other ballets, the Nutcracker tells a story without benefit of words but is aided by scenery and costumes. A story is told through momentous patterns and variations of the five basic ballet steps. A duet performs with lifts and arms of the female dancer extended upward and outward. While on point the right leg extends outward at a right angle. At times, she bends downward at the waist while the body appears to remain perfectly straight.As in other ballets the pace moves from slow to fast keeping time to the music. Folk Dance The Irish Jig, reel and hornpipe originated in the 1600 consist in using hard or soft-shoes primarily in a tap. Together with airborne movement four variants are incorporated in Irish dancing double, single, slide and slip are associated with specific soft-shoe solo dance still performed in competitions today, usually by female dancers. While jig tempo is generally lively when played solo, competitive dancers usually call for a greatly reduced tempo in order to execute their complicated footwork. Kundanis, 2002). A fast version of the tune is referred to as a slide and is used in the dancing of sets. The reel is done to the music of tune type with same name and given its present dominance in music and dance; it may seem surprising that the reel is a relative latecomer to the Irish scene (n. d. ,2011). The regions of Punjabi India, a harvest celebration folk dance each season Sikh farmland villages performed motions the music taken in the form Punjabi folk drum assimilated working the land. Bhangra is usually and always played with an instrument called a dhol. (n. d. ,2011).The dhol is powerful drum that has string to put around your neck and is always accompanied by two sticks called chimtes. With the sticks, you would basically make some type of beat or rhythm out of it. The dhol is a necessary ingredient in bhangra music and without it there can be no bhangra music. A bouncing motion is the main characteristic using steps in perfect harmony when waving arms this in sync dance needs timing is one thing that is really crucial in bhangra as hundreds of different variations are involved performers all have a confident smile. (Deshpande, S. ,2000).Bhangra dancing is in a social and competitive form, teams also compete consisting of six guys and six girls there are many stunts but the most common one is getting on top of someones shoulders and raising your arms high in the air keep a good line. A bhangra dance is always ended with some type of stunt. (Rangrass, G. ,2008). Beginners can join a team to learn optional they can go to a university and learn the dance itself from teachers. Ritual Dance Belly dancing originated in the regions of Mesopotamia more than six thousand years ago with Turks, Egyptians, and Phoenicians claiming this dance as their own.Throughout history, this form of dance has been performed by women, for women. In villages, women would dance solely for other women during family and social gatherings. The women would gather in a circle, showing off their skill, grace, and beauty by dancing solo or with each other. When a girl danced for the first time, it was her passageway into womanhood. (Elder, 2008). The dance is done in a tempo, repetition using primarily the hips, shoulder, chest and stomach (Elder, 2008) using different costumes in other countries and cabaret dancers wears more appealing outfits in Egypt.Belly dancing today is used in more popular version usually a solo act in quick tempo the body is always erect the dancer moves in small distance all Egyptian movies action, thriller, comedy or Horror a belly dancing scene is always incorporated in the movie. West African dancing dates back more than 3,000 years ago. Many modern dances the Jitterbug, the Charleston, the Twist and the Lindy Hop are Stereotypes derived in a form similar to ancient ritual dances the common meaning influenced by the everyday lives of the West Africans. n. d. ,2011). In West Africa living in a tribal environment whether they had a good or bad day, are married and someone died. Every dance, no matter where there is a cultural meaning to it, in Ghana a common dance performed at weddings is the Nmane where the women in honor of the bride no men are allowed to participate in this ritual repetition in steps and jumping is used to circle the bride to form togetherness through the ceremony. Modern Dance Popping is a dance style that came from Fresno, California during the 1960s – 1970s.This is a unique style of modern dance based on a technique of quickly contracting and relaxing the muscles to cause a jerk motion. The jerking movement in the dancer’s body, this is called popping. The dancer continues to do this to the rhythm of a song combining the popping with a combination of movement and poses. Popping is different than breaking or break dancing, popping has a noticeable pop to the movements. Popping dance style is usually performed in a battle while competing in a dance competition.

Cigars vs Cigarettes (an observation of recent tob Essay Example For Students

Cigars vs Cigarettes (an observation of recent tob Essay acco popul There are signs everywhere that cigars are becoming popular again. For example, you cant pass a magazine stand without seeing two or three new magazines glorifying the subject, and restaurants all over the country are devoting entire nights to smoke dinners. So why is the cigarette still considered offensive and is generally scorned by all? This seems strange since cigars and cigarettes have so many things in common: both are made of tobacco, both are rolled into tube-like shapes, and both are smoked. However, it must be the differences that make the cigar so much more popular. Cigars are made from better quality tobaccos, cigars are hand rolled, and cigars have a more pleasing aroma. Both cigars and cigarettes are constructed of tobacco, but the care used in raising fine cigar tobacco is second to none. Only the finest leaves of the plant are selected. The drying and fermenting process is long (nine months for filler leaves and up to two years for wrapper leaves) and closely watched. Cigarette tobacco is grown for quantity; not necessarily for quality. No regard is given to the aroma and smoke of the different types of tobacco. The only type of tobacco grown is fast-maturing strains they can get to the market quickly. Careful and attentive raising is non existent. The leaves are quickly dried and thrown into boxes for shipment to the rolling factory. Fine cigars are hand rolled, whereas all cigarettes are machine rolled. Including the type and quality of the leaf, rolling is the ultimate judge of whether a cigar is good or bad. Cigar companies go to great pains to be sure they hire only the best Torcedores (cigar rollers). If a cigar is underfilled it will burn hot and harsh; if it is overfilled it is Plugged and will not draw. To be sure that the cigars are of the best quality, one out of ten is inspected (thats two out of each box). On the other hand, cigarette tobacco is first jammed into cutting machines where the leaves are shredded. Second, they go into the rolling machines where the shreds are perfectly measured out, rolled, and wrapped in paper. The only humans who come in contact with the tobacco, at this point, are the monitors who sweep up the debris and add it back to the hopper. Since machines are doing the work, there is very little quality control. Only one out of a thousand is checked (thats one cigarette out of fifty packs). Cigar smoke is savored and appreciated, while cigarette smoke is considered nasty and smelly. Cigar smoke is very heavy and robust (its also impossible to get out of fabrics), however, people who smoke them immensely enjoy the thick and rich aroma. Even non-smokers who smell one on the street will look to see from where its coming from and often give you a smile and a nod. It seems, however, that if you light up a cigarette you receive dirty looks from the whole room (or everyone around you while youre outside), and most likely even be asked to put it extinguish it. In conclusion, the fine care taken in growing cigar tobacco, as well as the hand rolling, and the distinctly different aroma has somehow been re-discovered by this anti- tobacco generation. Sales are up five-hundred percent in the last seven years, while cigarettes are still loathed by all, even by many of the people who smoke them. Maybe, if the cigarette companies would improve the quality of their product, they too could enjoy the renewed interest in tobacco. .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .postImageUrl , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:hover , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:visited , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:active { border:0!important; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:active , .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4e8956e61eca9b5e5f0a42861f8239f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood Review EssayCategory: English .

Nigerian Judiciary and the defence of the common man Essay Example

Nigerian Judiciary and the defence of the common man Essay In line with the doctrine of separation of powers, which is a cardinal feature of a democratic system, the Nigerian Constitution guarantees the independence of the Judiciary. The doctrine of seperation of power was introduced by French political philosopher, Baron de Montesquieu in order to protect the people from dictatorship or authoritarianism. Under this arrangement, three branches of goverment were formed: the executive, legislature and judiciary. The legislature is responsible for making laws, the executive implements while the judiciary interpretes the laws. It was Madisons system of Checks and Balances that would keep the three in check. No one branch would be able to exploit its power without the scrutiny of one of the other branches. Montesquieu did specify that the independence of the judiciary has to be real, and not apparent merely. The judiciary was generally seen as the most important of powers, independent and unchecked, and also considered the least dangerous. That the judiciary all over the world is regarded as the last hope of the common man needs not be over-emphasised. This is why stakeholders in the justice sector often refer to it as a strong fortress, standing sure and strong, providing succour and shelter for the defenceless and vulnerable of the society; a safe haven where the oppressed, the injured, the dismayed, the upstanding, the expectant, indeed the whole society, looks up to for succour, protection and justice. But in Nigeria today, many see this statement, not only as literary expression, but as a cliche that is fast becoming a mirage to the common man because of the multitude of problems plaguing this hallowed instituton. We will write a custom essay sample on Nigerian Judiciary and the defence of the common man specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nigerian Judiciary and the defence of the common man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nigerian Judiciary and the defence of the common man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A well functional judiciary is a central element of the civil society. It is the sole adjudicator over the political, social and economic spheres. But despite the encomiums the Nigerian judiciary has received in recent time, the justice sector has practically collapsed under the weight of abject neglect by past administrations. The sector is slow in dispensing justice. Laws are archaic and antiquated, court infrastructures are obsolete and the prisons are over-crowded resulting in the collapsed of civil and criminal justice system. The Nigerian judiciary has come a long way since its establishment during the colonial era. The Nigerian legal system has had a lot of influence from English law on its growth. According to Obilade (1979), English law has a tremendous influence on the Nigerian legal system, and English law forms a substantial part of Nigerian law. Both the suspended 1979 constitution and the never implemented 1989 constitutions, as well as the new constitution promulgated on May 29, 1999 provide for an independent judiciary. In practice, the judiciary is subject to executive and legislative branch pressure, influence by political leaders at both the state and federal levels, and suffers from corruption and inefficiency. Under the 1999 constitution, the regular court system comprises federal and state trial courts, state appeals courts, the Federal Court of Appeal, the Federal Supreme Court, and Shariah (Islamic) and customary (traditional) courts of appeal for each state and for the federal capital territory of Abuja. Courts of the first instance include magistrate or district courts, customary or traditional courts, Shariah courts, and for some specified cases, the state high courts. In principle, customary and Shariah courts have jurisdiction only if both plaintiff and defendant agree, but fear of legal costs, delays, and distance to alternative venues encourage many litigants to choose these courts. Trials in the regular court system are public and generally respect constitutionally protected individual rights, including a presumption of innocence, the right to be present, to confront witnesses, to present evidence, and to be represented by legal counsel. However, low compensation for judges, understaffing, poor equipment, bribery, special settlements, and a host of developmental factors decrease the reliability and impartiality of the courts. The Nigerian judiciary has indeed come a long way and has evolved over the years from the 1st republic through the various military interventions to the present 5th republic. The judiciary has not been immune to the turbulent and capricious changes in leadership. Nigerias chequerd political and social evolution has indeed taken its toll on this indispensable institution of Government. Our prolonged romance with military regimes has unarguably wrecked the greatest havoc on the judiciary. The military regimes, notorious for their trademark of arbitrariness, authoritarianism and contempt for the rule of law did not regard the judiciary as an arm of government. Instead, these corrupt and unconscionable military regimes with intimidation and inducements manipulated the judiciary and effectively debased this institution. The decay of the Nigerian judiciary can therefore be traced to the military era. The soldiers always suspend the constitution when they come to power and enact decrees that guide their actions. Intimidation, extra judicial killings and assasination of dissenters which is usually the hallmark of military government all contributed to the castration and destruction of the judiciary. The massive corruption that takes place under military regime also lures some unscrupulous and rapacious judicial officers who make themselves stooges in the hands of the evil men in power just for a share of the filthy lucre. So, the military rule has had a particularly corrosive effect on the judiciary. As Justice Agboola recently put it: The aberration of military regimes dealt a dangerous blow to law because military regimes engendered lawlessness. You cannot have law when sombody is above the law. Law must be supreme. Nigeria, as a country has not lived up to the expectations of her founders in terms of overall development in different aspects of life. Nigeria is still bedevilled by various problems which has successfully impeded our adancement as a nation. Corruption is generally regarded as the bane of this country. Corrution at the different levels of government in different institutions has curtailed development in all critical sectors. Basic amenities like steady electricity, water and good roads are still beyond the reach of the citizenry. Free and fair elections have eluded us and power is still in the hands of a few privileged elite class who continue to manipulate the electoral process to install their stooges to continue the cycle of self enrichment and political aggrandizement. Corruption is indeed endemic in Nigeria; it is a way of life and in this situation, one would be stretching optimism to its greatest boundaries to expect the judiciary to be above board. With the pervasve and chronic corruption in this country and its evil offsprings: opportunism, nepotism, incompetence and mediocrity, no institution of government is wholly functional and efficient. Corrution has infiltrated all institutions and parastatals and even our learned judges are not immune. In a corrupt system like ours, meritocracy and competence are substituted with mediocrity and incompetence. A corrupt system throws up unscrupulous and incompetent individuals who are bereft of selflessness and patriotism. These individuals are greeedy and selfish, and are susceptible to financial inducements and gratifications. In such an unfortunate scenario, justice becomes a product which is sold to the highest bidders. The comon man, who do not have the finacial muscle to buy judicial favors or manipulate the process is left with the short end of the stick. In such an ill-concieved system, there certainly can be no justice for the commin man. The return of Nigeria to democatic rule was heralded by great joy and overflowing optimism. The Nigerian masses were full of hope that the years of suffering, poverty and injustice were over. The newly sworn in administration made mouth watering promises. We were told that our decaying infrastrucures will be revamped, that the educational and health system will be refurbished and upgraded, that there will be masive industrialization which will create jobs for the swarm of unemployed youths. The new government also promised to address the numerous human rights abuses of the autocratic military regimes and to respect the rule of law. Nigerians gullibly swallowed all the lofty promises and with high hopes, prepared themselves for the ride to the promised land. Alas, the implementation of the sweet promises proved not to only be an ardous task, but an impossible one. The first indication that the status quo was not about to change in the judicial system was the failure of the Justice Chukwudifu Oputa panel which was set up to investigate and resolve cases of human rights abuse during the military era. Victims attended the hearings and passionately presented their cases. But the various individuals, especially the ex military rulers indicted, snubbed the panel and refused to answer the summons. The government did nothing to make these people respect the panel which really undermined the credibility of the panel. Obviously, the hands of the government was tied because some of the indicted individuals bankrolled the campaign of the sitting president. At the end of the hearings, the renowned Justice Oputa and his colleagues made recommendations to the government which it contemptuously ignored and failed to implement till this day. Another case that comes to mind is that of the Apo 6 victims. These were 5 young men and a lady who were brutally murdered in cold blood on 7th june,2005 on the orders of a ruthless senior poice officer, Assistant commissioner of police Ibrahim Danjuma. At the time, the case generated much controversy and outrage. The police officers tried to lie by labelling the innocent victims armed robbers. These accusations were unanimously rejected by people who knew these young men as honest men engaged in legitimate business. Owing to the furore generated by the massacre, the federal government under former president Olusegun Obasanjo set up a judicial panel of inquiry which investigated the circumstances leading to the death of the victims. The panel rejected the police accusations and indicted the policemen for the gruesome murder of the innocent citizens. The federal government apologized to the families of the victims and gave them monetary compensation. The case was then transferred to court for the prosecution of the indicted police officers. One would expect that given the international attention attracted by the case and the intense media scrutiny, that the federal government would spare no efforts to ensure a expeditious and sound trial. Unfortunately, that was not the case, a year and two months after this welter of incontrovertible evidence was gathered, two of the accused, Deputy Commissioner of Police Ibrahim Danjuma and Police Constable Emmanuel Acheneje were granted bail by Justice Isaq Bello of Abuja High Court. That was on Wednesday, August 2, 2006. The two were admitted to bail on medical ground. While Danjuma was said to be suffering from diabetes, ulcer and heart problem, Acheneje was said to have contracted the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and in the Justices opinion, granting Bello bail would enable him seek adequate medical treatment while that of Acheneje was predicated on the excuse that he could afflict other inmates with other ailments, which come with HIV/AIDS. And you would have thought that if for any reason whatsoever, such a man standing trial for so dreadful a crime was to be granted bail, the conditions would be so stringent, particularly bearing in mind that Danjuma had made several attempts in the past to escape from detention and also the fact that one of the principal suspects, Othman Abdulsalam, the DPO of Garki Police Station at the time the crime was committed escaped from the police detention facility and is still on the run. The case narrated above is just one of numerous cases in which average citizens are denied justice and the privileged are allowed to commit crimes with impunity. I am sure that there are cases that are far worse than this, but this one happened to come to limelight. The situation in Nigeria today is that the ordinary man has lost hope in the Nigerian judicial system. The problems are numerous and apart from corrruption, which is clearly at the root of all problems in this country, the system is run by unpatriotic and mediocre people. Approximately seventy percent of the inmates in all the prisons in this country are awaiting trial. The judicial process is so tardy and sluggish in this country that some people serve out the term of their alleged crimes before the completion of their trials. The case is even worse for poor people who may not be able to afford legal representation. The Nigerian prison system is a mess and the conditions in most of them are worse than that in Hitlers concentration camps. The police have no respect for the rule of law and ordinary citizens are sometimes treated like animals. Sometimes, people arrested for various crimes are held in police detention for extensive periods of time without reference to the stipulations of the law book for the maximum period people can be detained without trial. The police force being one of the most corrupt institutions in this country also exploits the masses blatantly by charging outrageous fees for bail and demanding financial inducements from the weak and desperate. Most analysts and stakeholders have concluded that unnecessary and frequent delays experienced in judicial proceedings have great adverse effects on the administration of justice in Nigeria. This situation is brought about by the congestion of cases in the courts as well as unnecessary adjournments sought by counsels in both civil and criminal proceedings. Recently, eminent jurist, Justice Chukwufudi Oputa, (JSC) identified delay and huge expense as twin weaknesses of Nigerias justice system. Justice Oputa said: The administration of the justice in our courts suffers from two major constraints, namely delay and expense. If it takes seven to ten years to decide a case, prospective litigants may decided not to go to court at all. But the one thing that frightens prospective litigants from the court is the inordinate expense which has to be incurred with the result that a very large proportion of our countrymen are as it were, priced out of our legal system. The present administration of President Umaru go slow Yaradua which made lofty promises of respecting the rule of law has failed to live up to expectations. There has been no reforms designed nor implemented in this institution and the status quo has been maintained. The rich are still sheltered from justice and there are still cases of judicial witch hunt. This is evidenced by the shabby handling by the EFCC of the prosecution of the corrupt ex-governors like James Ibori. The Federal government if anything has gone out of its way to protect these corrupt politicians fro the hands of justice. We all watched with shame as the Attorney general succesfully frustrated the prosecution of Ibori and his accomplices by the United kingdom. such a macabre dance can only make credible nations to scoff at the governments anti-corruption battle and further distance themselves from this cursed land. It is well known that there are two sets of rules in this country,one for the poor and another for the rich and privileged. The only area in our judicial system where we have recorded marginal success is in the election petition tribunals although it can be argued that this does not directly apply to the common man, because in most cases,the litigators are affluent members of the society. Nevertheless, this piece cannot be complete without mentioning the landmark judgements that has come out of the election tribunals in recent times. The success of Gov peter Obi at the electoral tribunals and his subsequent reinstatement by the supreme court is worthy of mention. Also, the victory of Adams Oshiomole was also remarkable given the fact that he was clearly elected on a popular mandate. Some other noteworthy judgements were bastardized by the sleazy and stinking INEC, Nigerians corrupt electoral body notorious for being an appendage of the ruling peoples democratic party. This is evidenced by the cases in Kogi,Enugu and most recently, Ekiti where the gubernatorial elections were upturned only for the shameless electoral umpire to reenact the same electoral sham. Lately, Nigeria once again made mockery of itself in the international community following the mayhem that occured in some northern states during the crash of the radical islamic sect, Boko harem with security agencies. The leader of the sect was captured and killed in police custody igniting widespread international condemnation. It is indeed, very unfortunate and distressing that in the year 2009, when less endowed countries are making progress and undergoing widespread advancement, Nigeria is still indulging in extrajudicial killing. No matter the magnitude of the crime committed, every individual is entitled to fair hearing. All accused remain innocent until convicted by a legitimate court of law. This is a basic knowlege and for the police force to disregard that shows that we still have a very long wy to go as a country. In conclusion, the fate of the common man in the hands of the Nigerian judiciary is bleak and forlorn. Infact, there is no justice for the common man in our present judicial system. The judicial system needs to be completely overhauled for it to function in line with international standards. Of course, reforming the judicial system cannot be effective without overhauling the police force which is in an even worse shape. We have to purge this country of corruption for us to make any tangible progress in this regard. We need responsible, honest and committed leadership and only a credible electoral process can produce that. Only a responsible and selfless government can implement people-oriented reforms which will impact on the various institutions in this country including the judiciary so that they can function in line with the prevailing standards in developed countries. Till then, the fate of the common man in this country remains in Gods hands.

Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essays

Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essays Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essay Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essay The Whole 30 diet plan, also called the Whole 9 Life Plan, has been out since 2009, and I decided to review it because one of my friends is currently following it, she claims she has never felt better and has lost weight. The diet plan is classified as a high protein/paleo inspired diet, and there is a do eat and do not eat list. First there are foods that you can eat including: meat, seafood, eggs, vegetables, some fruit, and plenty of fats from fruits, oils, nuts and seeds. The foods you cannot eat include: ugar or any sweeteners, legumes, grains, dairy, carrageen, sulfites, MSG, and potatoes. The idea is to only eat whole, organic foods that are on the approved list. The claim is that the foods that you cut out can be psychologically unhealthy, hormone-unbalancing, gut-disrupting, and inflammatory causing foods. The diet is done over a 30 day period, at the end of the 30 days they encourage you to decide how you want to go forward with eating, it does state you should continue until you feel ready to stop, but they warn it isnt supposed to be the Whole 365 (day) plan. I believe while they have many testimonials singing the praises of this eating plan, it does fit the bill for a fad diet. The first red flag is the complete halt on eating dairy, grains and legumes, and the limitation of fruits and certain high starch vegetables. This way of eating lacks balance, it puts a huge emphasis on a handful of foods, most of which are high in fat. Since there is no limit on portions of what you can eat, calorie control is not considered important on the plan. When grains and arbohydrates are restricted or eliminated in plans such as the Whole 30, weight loss occurs due to ketosis, which occurs in the body when it is not given adequate levels of carbohydrates. The problem with this is that when ketone bodies occur in the blood it can cause vitamin and mineral deficiencies, loss of bone minerals, cause elevated blood cholesterol, and impaired moods. (Sizer et al; 133-134) Your body is in a starvation mode that causes you to use your fat stores as fuel. This diet could cause a life threatening condition if someone went on it long enough. Whole grains contain fiber which helps promote normal blood cholesterol, and reduced risk of heart disease, promotes healthy body weight, and maintains healthy bowel function. Carbohydrates are needed to fuel red blood cells, and the brain and nervous systems. The problem with carbohydrates really lies with which kind you choose, it is important to pick whole grains over processed and refined ones. The encouraging of eating meat including unlimited consumption of red meat, bacon, pork, poultry and game is another red flag. All these foods contain saturated fat, and eating high uantities of these foods could be disastrous for ones health. This can cause high LDL blood cholesterol levels, heart disease, and other health problems including cancer. The other red flag for a fad diet is that it sounds too good to be true: cut out all these foods for 30 days and you lose weight and cure a list of health problems that run the gamut. It concerns me that on the message boards many parents are putting children on this diet in hopes of curing behavioral problems without consulting with a pediatrician or registered dietician. While the Whole 30 plan does have some good points with cutting out processed foods and additives such as MSG, avocado, but overall it is too extreme to be a wholesome eating plan. The only proper and long lasting, healthy way to lose weight is by overall calorie control, eating a varied whole foods diet, and getting exercise. Sources: Sizer, Frances. Nutrition: concepts controversies. 13th ed. Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. The [emailprotected] Program. Whole9 Let us change your life. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013..

International marketing plan strategy to pentrate new market Research Paper

International marketing plan strategy to pentrate new market - Research Paper Example The present study would cover the aspect of international marketing strategies of Emirates airline in the Indian market. The choice of market assumes significance considering the fact that it is among the fastest growing economies of the globe. The analysis would be done in two parts. The first part would constitute an analysis of the external market environment along with the information about the product and the services being offered by the company. The second section would deal with the market audit and an analysis of the marketing strategies to be employed by the firm in the Indian market. Finally, a set of plausible conclusions and recommendations would be framed on the basis of the analysis conducted in the two sections which would help the firm to establish itself in the lucrative Indian market. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Part A 5 Introduction 5 About the Company 6 Product or Service Analysis 8 Environmental Analysis 8 PESTEL Analysis 8 Summary of Part A 11 Market Audit 11 Analysis of Micro Environment 12 Market Analysis 12 External Analysis 15 Customer Analysis 15 Competitors 15 SWOT Analysis 15 Strengths 15 Weakness 16 Opportunities 16 Threats 16 Preliminary Marketing Strategy 16 Product 16 Price 17 Place 17 Promotions 17 People 18 Process 18 Physical Evidence 18 Conclusion 19 Recommendations 20 References 22 Annexure 25 Part A Introduction The dynamics of international trade and business is changing with time. Globalization is the primary reason behind such changes and this has also brought multiple improvements in the field of international trade and business. The business organizations have become more conscious as competitiveness in the global market has been increasing significantly. Besides, the regulatory bodies of different economies are supporting the free trade policies that also led to intensified degree of competition level. In this respect, Hope and Maeleng have identified the free trade policies as â€Å"c ompetition-enhancing device† as these policies enables companies to enter into new markets with greater opportunities (Hope and Maeleng, 1998, p.52). However, when companies decide to expand their business internationally, they have to take many factors into account for success in the foreign market. There are significant differences between the natures and features of domestic market and international market due to cultural diversity, different macro-environmental factors etc. This paper will attempt to deal with international market planning strategy for Emirates Airlines. The primary aim of this paper is to offer a set of actionable and plausible strategies to Emirates Airlines for Indian airline industry. In order to meet this aim, this paper will present an extensive discussions, analyses and findings based on which a set of relevant and effective recommendations will be formulated. This paper will be presented in two parts. The first part will present a brief analysis of company, its product or service and macro environmental analysis of Indian economy with respect of airline industry. Second part will include strategy formulation for marker entry based on the outcomes of analysis. About the Company Emirates Airlines is the largest air travel service company of the Middle East. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Mr. Flanagan took the initiatives for starting an airline travel services and they founded a company called Emirates